In this talk, Mr. Fox will explore the historic institution of jury independence and its three core components, long recognized in American law. He will address how modern courts, prosecutors, and jury selection practices have eroded jurors’ understanding of their full powers, leaving today’s juries out of step with the Sixth Amendment’s impartiality command. The discussion will examine the jury’s authority to acquit against the evidence, to seek and interpret information beyond the judge’s framing, and to apply the law as they understand it.